Metal sash construction.



W. R. KINNEAR.

METAL SASH CONSTRUCTION.

APPLIOATION.IILED NOV. 17, 1009.

971,01 1 Patented Sept. 20, 1910.

\ m I 6 o antra /3'0:

I I Q 56 U W1? 9024-3 4 o %3 6 2: '/l//////l/II/l. J

I Swamp entrain s ra ts s earner ora ion.

WILLIAM B. KINNEAR, OF CASTLE, PENNSYLVANIA.

METAL SASH CONSTRUCTION.

To all whom it may concern.

j Be it known that 1, WILLIAM R. KINNEAR, a citizen of the United States, residing at New Castle, in the county of Lawrence and State of Pennsylvania, have invented certain new and useful lmprovei'nents in Metal Sash Construction, of which the following is a specification.

This invention relates to a metallic. structure in the nature oi? a sash or frame to be used in building construction and it has for its'object to provide a structure of this kind in which the several members will. be interlocked together in a manner not only to prevent SQIJEllXiLlOIl but to develop rigidity against strains, which seek to move. the nientibers augularly, longitudinally, transveii'sely or torsioually, and to secure these ire-- sults in a relatively light, cheap and easily assembled structure.

lln carrying out the invention. each oint is produced by a plurality of interlocks so disposed that one assists the other in accomplishing the ends desired, by being o'tlset therefrom in two directions; the fullest development of the idea involving at each interlock', resistance to relative movement of the parts 'tei'isionally, by abutment and transversely.

For purposes of illustration, several embodiments of the invention, suitable for the different joints that naturally occur in a frame or sash made up of a plurality of intersecting members, are shown in the accompanying drawings in which,

Figure 1 is a -front view of a complete structure; Fig. 2 is a section on the line 2---2, Fig. 1; Fig. 3 is a perspective view of the separated parts of a joint between the end of a member and an intermediate portion of another member; Fig. 4- is a sectional view on an enlarged scaleshowing the joint at the middle of Fig. formed between two abutting ends and the intermediate portion of a continuous intersecting member; Il ig. 5 is a View illustrating a modified construction of joint used in a position such as illustrated at. the middle of Fig. 2 and in Fig. i; Fig. 5

is a detail view o'l' the coi'itinuous member,

Specification of Letters lPatent.

Application filed November 17, 1909.

Patented Sept. 2Q), 1910.

Serial No. 528,501.

center-punching) for the purpose of preventiligwitlidrawal after assembly:

In a structure of the kind to which the invention is particularly adapted and which is made up of outer members such as a pair of vertical stiles 1 and top and bottom rails 2, togctl'ier with a plurality of intermediate members l intersecting one another and abutting at their ends against the. outer members, the three classes of joints are naturally required for assembling the members of the structure; to wit, corner joints, such as represented at A, employed for con necting together the outer members; end joints B, employed for connecting the end of an intermediate member with an intermediate portion of another member; and abutting joints such as shown at C, where two short intermediate members are brought into abutment against opposite sides of and areinterlocked with an intermediatemember.

The structure herein illustrated embodies but four light spaces, produced by but two intersecting lines of intermediate members, but this illustration is selected merely because it affords opportunity for illustrating the application of the invention to each of the several kinds of joint involved in a ,structure of this kind, audit is to be understood that as many intermediate members may be employed as is required to provide the necessary number of light openings, these intermediate members being arranged in intersecting lines or otherwise, as may be 'desired.

The frame or sash is made up of metal bars of angular construction, the intermediate members at least, and preferably the outer members as well, being of T-section, so as to provide flanges in the plane of the frame, andwvebs extending perpendicularly thereto for the purpose of embodying in each joint, a plurality of interlocks offset from one another 1n a direction per 'iendicular to the plane of the structure, for. reasons already suggested and hereinafter set forth more at length. v

Eachcorner joint A comprises an interlock 5 in the plane of the flanges 1 and 2 of the members 1 and 2; said interlock being provided by a lateral notch or recess in one of the flanges (1 leaving alaterally presented tongue 5 in said flange, and a longitudinal recess in the other flange (2 leavinga longitudinally presented tongue 5 so that said members may be assembled by a lateral movement of the member 1 relatively to the member 2; said oint A further comprising an interlock (3 between the webs 1 and 2" of the members 1 and 2, perpendicu-.

. tongues 5 5 can take place only in a direction which would move the dowel 6 laterally and is therefore resisted by the resist ance to shearing strain of the dowel (3". Relative displacement between the flanges l and 2 transversely to their plane'is also prevented by the shearing resistance of the dowel 6 while withdrawal of the dowel 6 is resisted by the interlock between the tongues 5 and 5 In order to assemble the joint A, the tongues 5 and 5* are displaced or struck up relatively to each other in a manner similar to that illustrated in Fig. 3, so that the parts may be assembled by passing the dowel 6 into the perforations 6. After the dowel 6 is firmly seated, the tongues t'f and 5 are pressed or hammered untll they are again brought into the same plane, when the joint A. will be firmly interlocked. To cause the parts to fit very tightly and to prevent withdrawal of the dowel 6 under a torsional strain of the member 2 relatively to-the member 1, the dowel 6 as well asthe tongues 5 5 are laterally en-. larged or swelled, as for instance by sinking a punch in their faces, the dowel 6 thus being in effect riveted in the opening 6.

The joint B is substantially identical with the joint in that a. dowel 6 on the web at enters an opening 6 in the web 2*, while the flanges 43 and 2 are interlocked by' means of oppositelyextend"- ing lateral tongues 5 on the end of the a member 4, entering the undercut recess behind the longitudinal tongues 5 formedat the intermediate point in the flange 2 of the member 2. The joint. B is assembled in a manner substantially identical with the joint A as illustrated in Fig. 3; both pairs of tongues 5 and 5 being deflected from the plane of the members, which carry them until the dowel 6? isfirmly seated in the opening 6 after which the tongues are pressed or hammered back into the same plane to bring the parts firmly into interlock; the

dowel being then expanded to rivet it in the opening and develop the tensional interlock and the tongues being likewise expanded, if

.desired, to bring the ment...

parts into firmer abut- The joint C involves a further development of both the joints A and B in that it comprisesinterlocking tongues 5, 5 in the base flanges 3 P and the'interlock between on opposite sides of the web 3*, are firmly interlocked tensionally not only with the web 3" through which they extend, but with each other, the opening 6 in the web 3" being of a size that tits the dowels closely on their lateral faces but permits them to overlap vertically after the manner of a spliced joint; the shoulders of the webs P above and below said dowels being in firm abutment against the web 3 and the interlock of the dowels being provided by shoulders such as 6 engaging the wall of the opening beneath the dowel 6 and the shoulder 6 0n the dowel 6 which engages the shoulder 6 of the web t above said dowel (liwhich shoulder in turn rests against the web 3. In assembling this joint, the pair 'the tongues 5 with the tongues 5; but the the webs 3 4, but the webs at", which abut tongues 5 carried by the other member l,

which carries the upper dowel (F, as well as the cooperating tongues 5 must be deflected from-the plane of the flanges, which carry them and the dowel 6 must be deflected laterally out ofthe plane of the web 4 which carries it, the cooperating lug or shoulder 6 on the web 4* being likewise deflected laterally so that after the dowel 6 is in place, the dowel 6 may be inserted until the shoulders of its web are in firm abutment with the web 3 after which the end of the dowel/6 and the lug 6 are pressed or hammered back into the same plane to bring them, into firm interlock, at which time said dowel 6 will not only tie the abutting members 4: together and indirectly interlock with the part 3 but said dowel (i as well thetongues on the member winch carriesfit will be held into firm interlock with the co operating parts. While riveting or enlargement of the ends-of the dowel 6 and 6 is rendered unnecessary by the presence of the-shoulders on said dowels, said ends are preferably enlarged-or otherwise expanded,

as'also are the interengaging tongues 5 and 5, adjacent thereto in order to bring the parts into-binding relation prevent any lost motion between them;

The form of abutting interloek shown in in a separate notch 6 instead of entering the same opening 6* with the other dowel;

and said other dowel 6 has its recess up wardly presented being interlocked with the shoulder 6 on the opposed web 4; instead of being presented downwardly as in Fig. l.

From the foregoing description, it will be seen that in each of the three embodiments of joint, there are at least two interlocks, each of which has a'direct effect upon the other, in that it preventsrelative movement between the parts of the other interlock in any direction in which they could move out of engagement with each other. It will be further seen that said interlocks, by reason of being ottsetzt'rom each other both in the direction parallel to the plane of the flanges and in a direction perpendicular thereto, cooperate or combine to render the joint rigid angularly and torsionally.

It will further be seen that the joints such as shown at B involve the further advantage of imparting further stiffness both angularly and torsionally by duplicating the interlock between the flanges on opposite sides of the plane of the web interlock.

It will further be seen that a joint such as shown at C combines all of the advan tages ofthe joints A and B and in addition thereto ties the two members 4 together and so interlocks them with the transverse member 3 that either member 4 will greatly assist the member 3 in resisting strains imposed by the other member 4.

I claim 1. In a metal frame structure, members constructed with flangesand webs rigidly jointed together with their flanges abutting in the plane of the flanges and provided with interlocking parts also lying in said plane and with their webs in abutment and provided with interlockingparts lying in the planes of said webs. j

'2. In a metal 'frame structure, members constructed with flanges and webs rigidly jointed together, said members having their webs in abutment and having integral parts interlocking at a point above the plane of the flanges and having their flanges abutting in the plane of the flanges and provided, on.

opposite sides of the plane of the web-inter lock, with parts interlocking in the said plane of the flanges. I

3. In a metal frame structure comprising members constructed with flanges and-with Webs; 'a joint between two such members comprising an interlock formed between their flanges and a dowel connection formed between theirwebs.

4. In a metal frame structure, a con-tinuc5 ing web-and-flange member having anymidercut seat in its flange and a perforation in its web, and an abutting webend-flange member having an undercut head on flange fitting the said seat of the continuing mei'nheig'ancl a dowel on its web entering the j perforation in the web of said continning j member. h

5. In a metal frame structure. a web-and flange membcr having a longitudinal races at an intermediate pointv inits liangeand an opening in its web adjacent. thereto and "a" web and flange member having its flange" abutting that of the first named member in the plane of the flanges and providtal with alaterally presrntcd tongue at the end of its flange entering the recess in thel'lange'of the member first. named, also ltavingits web in abutment with the web of the member first named and having a dowelin the plane of its web, entering the opening in the web of the member first named. Y

6. In a metal frame structure a ivelrandflange member having a longitudinal recess at an intermediate point in itsfiange andam opening in its webadjacent thereto an'd 'a web-and-flange member having a laterally presented tongue at the end of its'flange' entering the recess in the flange of t-l1e'member first named, also having its web in'abutment with the web of the member first named and having a dowel on. its web-enter ing the opening in the web of the member first named; said dowelbei'ng enlarged beyond said opening to produce a ten si'on'al interlock between the webs of the members.

7. In a metal frame structure a web-and flange member having an undercut recess at, an intermediate point in its flange and -a perforation in its web adjacent thereto and a web-and-flange member having oppositely projecting lateral tongues at the end of its flanges entering the undercut recess of the" member first named, having its web in abutment with the web of the member first named and having a dowel entering the opening in the web of the member first named.

8. In a metal frame structure-a continw ing member having a web and oppositelvi extending flanges provided with undercut recesses at opposite points in said flanges and with an opening in the webadjacent thereto and opposed abutting members, each having a web and a flange, provided with undercut 5 heads at the ends of their flanges entering ing member having a web and oppositely extending flanges provided with undercut recesses at opposite points in said flanges andf ing member having a web and oppositely extending flanges provided with undercut re- }cesses at opposite points in said flanges and with an opening in the web adjacent thereto and opposed abutting members, each having a web and a flange,- provided with undercut heads at the ends of their flanges entering the undercutrecesses in the respective flanges of the continuing member and having their webs in abutmenthtith the web of the continuing member and with dowels extending through the opening in the continuing menr ber web;-sa1d dowels be ng interlocked with.

the continuing web.

11. In a metal frame structure a. continuing member having a web and oppositely extending flanges'provided with undercutrecessesat opposite points in said flanges and withan' opening in the web adjacent thereto and opposed abutting members, each having a web and a flange, provided with undercut heads at the ends ot' their flanges entering the undercut recesses in the respective flanges of the continuing member and having their websin abutment with the web of the continuing member and with dowels extending through the opening in the continuing member web; said dowels being interlocked with the continuing web and with each other.

12. In a metal frame structure a continuing member having a web and oppositely extending flanges provided with undercut re cesses at opposite points in said flanges and with an opening in the web adjacent thereto and opposed abutting members,.each having a web and a flange, provided with undercut heads at the ends of their flanges entering the undercut recesses in the respective flanges of the continuing member and having their webs in abutment with the web of the continuing member and with dowels extending through the opening in the continuing menu her web; said dowels being interlocked with the continuing web, one of said dowels having a shoulder which engages a wall of the opening in the web of the continuing member and the other of said dowels fitting be- I tween the 'first named dowel and a wall of said opening and holding said first named dowel in its engaging position.

I 13. In a metal frame structure a continuing member having a web and oppositely extending flanges provided with undercut recesses at opposite points in said flanges and with an opening in the web adjacent thereto and opposed abutting members, each having a web and a flange, provided with undercut heads at the ends of their flanges entering the undercut recesses in the respective flanges of the continuing member and having their webs in abutment with the web of 'the continuing member and with dowels extending through the opening in the continuing member web; said dowels being interlocked with the continuing web, one of said dowels having a shoulder which engages a wall of the opening in the web of the continuing member and the other of i said dowels fitting between the first named dowel and a wall of said opening and holding said first named dowel in its engaging position; said second named dowel extending through the opening in the continuing web and being constructed to interlock with the abutting web beyond the same.

14. In a metal frame structure a continuing member having a web and oppositely extending flanges and provided with an opening through the web and undercut recesses 1n the flanges; opposed members having webs abutting the continuing member web and constructed with dowels extending through said opening and with undercut projections on their flanges entering the undercut recesses 0n the "continuing memher-flanges; the web of each abutting member being recessed to receive the projecting dowel on the other abutting member; one of said dowels having a shoulder engaging the bottom wall of the opening and the other of said dowels having a shoulder engaging the recess in the opposed abutting member; the opening in the continuing web being extended in the plane of the dowels, whereby one abutting member may be assembled by transverse movement while the other abutting member may be introduced longitudinally to hold the first named abutting member in engagement.

15. In a metal frame structure a continuing member having a web and oppositely extending flanges and provided with an opening through the web and undercut recesses in the flanges; opposed members havmg webs abutting the continuing member web and constructed with dowels extending through said opening and with undercut projections on their flanges entering the undercut recesses on the continuing member flanges; the web of each abutting member may be brought into abutment with the parts which they engage after such longitudinal assembly.

The foregoing specification signed at No. 15 2 Rector street in the city of New York this thirteenth dayof November, 1909.

\VILLIAM R. KINNEAR.

In presence of Gnonon B. Born, RAPHAEL DAVIS.

the recess in the opposed abutting member; the opening in the continuing web being extended in the plane of the dowels, Where by one abutting member may be assembled by transverse movement While the other abutting member may be introduced longitudinally to hold the first named abutting 1 member to engagement; the dowel and l undercut projections on the last named abutl ting member being flexible, whereby they of said dowels having a shoulder engaging l l 

